Railroad crude oil hauling operations are coming under more scrutiny. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has joined the fray in demanding more oversight of crude-by-rail shipments.
NTSB has issued a series of recommendations (see Safety Recommendation Letters R-14-001-003 and R-14-004-006) to the Department of Transportation to address the safety risk of transporting crude oil by rail. In what NTSB is calling an unprecedented move, it is issuing these recommendations in coordination with the Transportation Safety Board of Canada.
The NTSB issued three recommendations to the Federal Railroad Administration and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. The first would require expanded hazardous materials route planning for railroads to avoid populated and other sensitive areas.
The second recommendation to FRA and PHMSA is to develop an audit program to ensure rail carriers that carry petroleum products have adequate response capabilities to address worst-case discharges of the entire quantity of product carried on a train.
The third recommendation is to audit shippers and rail carriers to ensure that they are properly classifying hazardous materials in transportation and that they have adequate safety and security plans in place.
Crude oil shipments by rail have increased by over 400% since 2005, according to the Association of American Railroad's Annual Report of Hazardous Materials. The NTSB is concerned that major loss of life, property damage and environmental consequences can occur when large volumes of crude oil or other flammable liquids are transported on a single train involved in an accident, as seen in the Lac Megantic PQ accident, as well as several accidents the NTSB has investigated in the United States.
"The large-scale shipment of crude oil by rail simply didn't exist 10 years ago, and our safety regulations need to catch up with this new reality," says NTSB Chairman Deborah A P Hersman, who seems to be unaware that rail shipments of crude oil had been common during the early 20th Century. "While this energy boom is good for business, the people and the environment along rail corridors must be protected from harm."
The NTSB has investigated accidents involving flammable liquids being transported in DOT-111 tank cars, including the December 30, 2013 derailment in Casselton ND, and the June 19, 2009 in Cherry Valley IL. After the Cherry Valley accident, the NTSB issued several safety recommendations to PHMSA regarding the inadequate design and poor performance of the DOT-111 tank cars. The recommendations include making the tank head and shell more puncture resistant and requiring that bottom outlet valves remain closed during accidents. Although PHMSA initiated rulemaking to address the safety issue, it has not issued any new rules.
"If unit trains of flammable liquids are going to be part of our nation's energy future, we need to make sure the hazardous materials classification is accurate, the route is well planned, and the tank cars are as robust as possible," Hersman said. “The NTSB and the Transportation Safety Board of Canada issued these important safety recommendations jointly because railroad companies routinely operate crude oil unit trains in both countries and across the US-Canada border.”
